Tips
新建文件夹
| mkdir DIR_NAME_1 DIR_NAME_2
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Rename
| 将目录A重命名为B
mv A B
例子：将/a目录移动到/b下，并重命名为c
mv /a /b/c
其实在文本模式中要重命名文件或目录，只需要使用mv命令就可以了，比如说要将一个名为abc的文件重命名为1234：
mv abc 1234
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解压
如果你没有unzip怎么办
在终端中输入命令：
查看当前路径下各文件夹大小
- 利用du命令（disk usage）
| du -sh // 查看当前目录总共占的容量，而不单独列出各子项占用的容量；
du -sh ./* // 单独列出各子项占用的容量。
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用到了两个参数来控制命令du：
-h：以K，M，G为单位，提高信息的可读性 -s：仅显示总计
查看磁盘剩余空间
报错 GLIBC 版本问题
Installer requires GLIBC >=2.28, but system has 2.17.
- 更换Anaconda版本即可. 比如笔者使用 https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-py38_4.12.0-Linux-x86_64.sh 老版本即可.
删文件
模仿浏览器下载文件
查看完整代码
| import argparse
import requests
import os
import sys
import time
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
# Format File Size
def format_size(bytes_size):
if bytes_size < 1024:
return f"{bytes_size:.1f} B"
elif bytes_size < 1024 * 1024:
return f"{bytes_size / 1024:.1f} KB"
elif bytes_size < 1024 * 1024 * 1024:
return f"{bytes_size / (1024 * 1024):.2f} MB"
else:
return f"{bytes_size / (1024 * 1024 * 1024):.2f} GB"
# Format Time
def format_time(seconds):
if seconds < 60:
return f"{seconds:.0f}秒"
elif seconds < 3600:
minutes = seconds / 60
return f"{minutes:.1f}分钟"
else:
hours = seconds / 3600
return f"{hours:.1f}小时"
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='demon\'s download tool')
parser.add_argument('url', help='download url')
parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', help='out put filename')
args = parser.parse_args()
# Get output FileName
if args.output:
filename = args.output
else:
if 'sfile=' in args.url:
parsed = urlparse(args.url)
query = parse_qs(parsed.query)
if 'sfile' in query:
sfile_value = query['sfile'][0]
filename = sfile_value.split('/')[-1]
else:
filename = 'download.tar.bz2'
else:
filename = args.url.split('/')[-1].split('?')[0]
if not filename or filename == 'download.php':
filename = 'download.tar.bz2'
print(f"Save as: {filename}")
# Set Nessary Header
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36',
'Referer': 'https://amass.is.tue.mpg.de/',
'Accept': '*/*',
}
try:
response = requests.get(args.url, headers=headers, stream=True, timeout=30)
response.raise_for_status()
content_type = response.headers.get('content-type', '').lower()
if 'html' in content_type:
print("[Warning] It's HTML File.")
total_size = int(response.headers.get('content-length', 0))
total_size_mb = total_size / (1024 * 1024)
if total_size > 0:
print(f"文件大小: {format_size(total_size)} ({total_size_mb:.2f} MB)")
else:
print("文件大小: 未知")
print("-" * 60)
# 下载参数
downloaded = 0
start_time = time.time()
# 速度计算相关（与进度分离）
last_speed_time = start_time
last_speed_downloaded = 0
SPEED_INTERVAL = 1 # 速度计算频率
current_speed_mbps = 0.0
# 用于跟踪显示频率（避免过度刷新）
last_display_time = start_time
DISPLAY_INTERVAL = 0.038 # 最小显示间隔，避免太卡
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
if chunk:
f.write(chunk)
downloaded += len(chunk)
current_time = time.time()
# 1. 计算下载速度（每0.5秒计算一次）
if current_time - last_speed_time >= SPEED_INTERVAL:
time_diff = current_time - last_speed_time
downloaded_diff = downloaded - last_speed_downloaded
if time_diff > 0:
speed_bps = downloaded_diff / time_diff
current_speed_mbps = speed_bps / (1024 * 1024)
last_speed_time = current_time
last_speed_downloaded = downloaded
# 2. 实时更新进度显示（但限制刷新频率避免卡顿）
if current_time - last_display_time >= DISPLAY_INTERVAL:
downloaded_mb = downloaded / (1024 * 1024)
if total_size > 0:
# 确保下载完成时显示100%
if downloaded >= total_size:
percent = 100.0
else:
percent = downloaded / total_size * 100
remaining_mb = (total_size - downloaded) / (1024 * 1024)
# 估算剩余时间（使用当前速度）
if current_speed_mbps > 0 and downloaded < total_size:
remaining_time = remaining_mb / current_speed_mbps
time_str = format_time(remaining_time)
elif downloaded >= total_size:
time_str = "完成!"
else:
time_str = "未知"
# 进度条（实时）
bar_length = 30
if downloaded >= total_size:
filled_length = bar_length # 完成时充满
else:
filled_length = int(bar_length * downloaded // total_size)
bar = '█' * filled_length + '░' * (bar_length - filled_length)
# 清空行并输出
sys.stdout.write('\r')
sys.stdout.write(
f'[{bar}] {percent:6.2f}% | '
f'{downloaded_mb:7.2f}/{total_size_mb:7.2f} MB | '
f'{current_speed_mbps:6.2f} MB/s | '
f'剩余: {time_str:<8}'
)
else:
# 文件大小未知的情况
sys.stdout.write('\r')
sys.stdout.write(
f'已下载: {downloaded_mb:7.2f} MB | '
f'速度: {current_speed_mbps:6.2f} MB/s | '
f'时间: {current_time - start_time:.0f}s'
)
sys.stdout.flush()
last_display_time = current_time
# 下载完成后确保显示100%
if total_size > 0:
downloaded_mb = downloaded / (1024 * 1024)
bar = '█' * 30 # 完整的进度条
sys.stdout.write('\r')
sys.stdout.write(
f'[{bar}] {100.00:6.2f}% | '
f'{downloaded_mb:7.2f}/{total_size_mb:7.2f} MB | '
f'完成!{"":<20}'
)
sys.stdout.flush()
print() # 换行
print("-" * 60)
# 下载完成后的统计
end_time = time.time()
total_time = end_time - start_time
downloaded_mb = downloaded / (1024 * 1024)
if total_time > 0:
avg_speed_mbps = downloaded_mb / total_time
print(f"下载时间: {format_time(total_time)} ({total_time:.1f} 秒)")
print(f"平均速度: {avg_speed_mbps:.2f} MB/s")
# 验证文件
if downloaded > 0:
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
first_bytes = f.read(100)
if b'<!DOCTYPE html>' in first_bytes or b'<html>' in first_bytes:
print("\n警告: 文件似乎是HTML而不是压缩包")
else:
print("错误: 下载的文件大小为0")
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print(f"\n✗ 网络错误: {e}")
sys.exit(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\n\n下载被用户中断")
# 显示已下载的部分
if 'downloaded' in locals() and downloaded > 0:
downloaded_mb = downloaded / (1024 * 1024)
print(f"已下载: {format_size(downloaded)} ({downloaded_mb:.2f} MB)")
sys.exit(1)
except Exception as e:
print(f"\n✗ 错误: {e}")
sys.exit(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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